2017年一月管理類聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)閱讀模擬題及參考答案

　　不管選擇2017年一月聯(lián)考中的哪一個(gè)在職研究生專業(yè)，英語(yǔ)是必考科目。現(xiàn)在距離考試試題不到兩個(gè)月了，考生加強(qiáng)閱讀訓(xùn)練是必須的。以下是有關(guān)英語(yǔ)閱讀方面的模擬試題，大家可參考復(fù)習(xí)：

　　Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several 　job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 4 position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 5 enter into a broad flexible 　training program that will 6 them for a field of work rather than for a single 7 .

　　Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 8 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 9 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 10 . Some drift from job to job. Others 11 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 12 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents for them—choose the professional field, 13 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 14 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “White-collar” job is 15 good reason for choosing it as life’s work. 16 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 17 of young people should give serious 18 to these fields.

　　Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 19 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction.

　　Some want security; others are willing to take 20 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.

　　1. [A] identification [B] entertainment [C] accommodation [D] occupation

　　2. [A] however [B] therefore [C] though [D] thereby

　　3. [A] entirely [B] mainly [C] partly [D] his

　　4. [A] its [B] his [C] our [D] their

　　5. [A] since [B] therefore [C] furthermore [D] forever

　　6. [A] make [B] fit [C] take [D] leave

　　7. [A] job [B] way [C] means [D] company

　　8. [A] to [B] for [C] without [D] with

　　9. [A] little [B] few [C] much [D] a lot

　　10. [A] chance [B] basis [C] purpose [D] opportunity

　　11. [A] apply [B] appeal [C] stick [D] turn

　　12. [A] our [B] its [C] your [D] their

　　13. [A] concerning [B] following [C] considering [D] disregarding

　　14. [A] preferences [B] requirements [C] tendencies [D] ambitions

　　15. [A] a [B] any [C] no [D] the

　　16. [A] Therefore [B] However [C] Nevertheless [D] Moreover

　　17. [A] majority [B] mass [C] minority [D] multitude

　　18. [A] proposal [B] suggestion [C] consideration [D] appraisal

　　19. [A] towards [B] against [C] out of [D] without

　　20. [A] turns [B] parts [C] choices [D] risks

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Text 1

　　The “new economic order” is a global one. Policymakers, educators, business, and industry are all concerned with strengthening the United States for competition in this new arena. Career education has generally focused on helping people understand the relationship between education and work and acquire employability skills. Now people need assistance in realizing the opportunities and meeting the challenges of the international workplace.

　　The evolving global economy is based on a number of factors: decreasing transportation and communications costs, new political structures and economic alliances. The most important influence is the emergence of flexible, information-based technologies. Profound economic and social changes are creating new market standards (productivity, quality, variety, customization, convenience, timeliness) and integrating producers and consumers into network for delivering goods and services globally or locally. Meeting these standards requires great changes in organizational structures, skill needs, and jobs.

　　According to Carnevale, competitive organizations will be characterized by productivity, flexibility, speed, affordable quality, and customer focus. Many organizations will emphasize closely integrated workgroups, teamwork, and shared information. The need for certain types of workers is being reduced or eliminated. At the same time, freer movement of some workers across national borders is escalating; other workers may engage in “electronic immigration,” interacting through telecommunications with their employers in other countries.

　　The global economy will influence people’s lives whether or not they are employed in international firms.

　　In the new economy, nations compete not only with each other’s economic systems, but also with each other’s 　　research and development and educational systems. Global events affect domestic economies.

　　Other characteristics of work in the new economy also have implications for career development. Managers will become brokers/facilitators; there will be more technical specialists, and shorter, flatter career ladders.

　　Instead of the old-style division of labor into discrete tasks, job functions will converge, and work teams will consist of individuals who alternate expert, brokering, and leadership roles. Rewards will be based more on the performance of teams and networks.

　　A number of the skills needed for work in the global economy are reflected in current curricular emphases such as development of critical thinking skills, tech prep, the integration of vocational and academic education.

　　Career educators can collaborate with vocational and academic educator and employers in documenting the need for these skills and infusing them in a multidisciplinary approach. As Zwerling puts it, “the best liberal education may come to be seen as career education; the best career education may be seen to be liberal education.” The challenges of the global economy are an opportunity not only for work organizations to redesign themselves across reenvision ways to prepare people for life and for work.

　　21. In face of the evolving global economy, the author suggests that the emphasis on career education be shifted to .

　　[A] facilitating the acquisition of employability skills

　　[B] strengthening the United States for competition with other countries

　　[C] preparing people for the challenges of the international workplace

　　[D] understanding flexible and information-based technologies

　　　答案解析

　　1.[答案] [D]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 上下文關(guān)系

　　[分析] 上一句說(shuō)：大部分有價(jià)值的職業(yè)都需要專門的訓(xùn)練。這一句的意思應(yīng)為：怕以，從理論上來(lái)說(shuō)，在選擇

　　中學(xué)的課程之前，就應(yīng)選擇好職業(yè)。[A] identification“身份證明”，[B] entertainment“娛樂(lè)”，[C]

　　accommodation“膳宿”，此三項(xiàng)與上下文毫無(wú)關(guān)系;[D] occupation 職業(yè)，符合題意，為正確答案。

　　2.[答案] [A]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 上下文關(guān)系

　　[分析] 空格前的句意為：理想的情況是，在選擇中學(xué)的課程之前就應(yīng)選擇好職業(yè)。空格后的句意為：現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，大部分人一生中要換好幾個(gè)工作。這是現(xiàn)實(shí)與理想的對(duì)比，兩者之間是有差異的，是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因而需選[A]however“但是”。[B] therefore“所以”，表因果關(guān)系;[C] though“盡管”，表讓步的轉(zhuǎn)折;

　　[D] thereby“因此”，表因果。以上三項(xiàng)皆不合題意。

　　3.[答案] [C]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 固定搭配

　　[分析] 此句解釋了人們換多個(gè)工作的原因，空格后有 partly 一詞，說(shuō)明前面也應(yīng)是 partly，構(gòu)成 partly…and partly “部分是……部分是……”的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此選[C]partly。此句意為：部分原因是經(jīng)濟(jì)和產(chǎn)業(yè)上的變化，部分原因是為了提高地位。[A] entirely“完全地”，[B] mainly“主要地”，[D] his“他的”，都不合題意。

　　4.[答案] [D]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 代詞的用法

　　[分析] 空格處需用一物主代詞，承前指代主語(yǔ) they，因此應(yīng)選[D] their.

　　5.[答案] [B]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 上下文關(guān)系

　　[分析] 上句說(shuō)“完美的工作”是不存在的。此句認(rèn)為年輕人應(yīng)該參加涉及面廣、彈性強(qiáng)的培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃。由于存在前一句所述的事實(shí)，所以才有后一句的建議，這兩者是因果關(guān)系，因而需選[B] therefore“所以”。[A] since “既然”，引導(dǎo)原因從句;[C] furthermore“更加”,表進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明;[D] forever“永遠(yuǎn)”。

　　6.[答案] [B]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 固定搭配

　　[分析] 此處要表達(dá)的意思為：這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃將會(huì)使他們適應(yīng)某一領(lǐng)域的工作，而不僅僅是某一項(xiàng)工作。因而應(yīng)選[B]fit, 構(gòu)成 fit…for“使適應(yīng)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。[A] make“制造”，[C] take“拿”，[D] leave“離開”，此三項(xiàng)都不合題意。

　　7.[答案] [A]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 上下文關(guān)系

　　[分析] 本文通篇講的都是工作問(wèn)題，顯然，此處應(yīng)填入表示“工作”的詞，構(gòu)成這樣的句意：使他們適應(yīng)某一領(lǐng)域的工作，而不僅僅是某一項(xiàng)工作。因而[A]job“工作”正確。

　　8.[答案] [C]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 上下文關(guān)系

　　[分析] 空格處需一介詞引導(dǎo)名詞作狀語(yǔ)，表伴隨情況，四選項(xiàng)中只有[C]withou 與[D] with 有此功能，但句首的unfortunately 這一提示語(yǔ)表明事實(shí)并不是理想中那樣，因而只有選[C] without，構(gòu)成的句意為：不幸的是，　很多年輕人在沒有得到高明的職業(yè)顧問(wèn)或心理學(xué)家的指導(dǎo)前，就不得不做出職業(yè)計(jì)劃。這一句話同時(shí)也是本段的中心句。[A] to 和[B] for 在此都不合題意。

　　9.[答案] [A]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 上下文關(guān)系

　　[分析] 根據(jù)上一句話，即本段的中心句可知，年輕人在沒有人指導(dǎo)的情況下，對(duì)所選擇的職業(yè)應(yīng)該知之甚少，因而備選答案只有[A]little和[B]few，但 few 用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞，不合題意，故[A]little 為正確選項(xiàng)。[C]much“很多”，[D]a lot“很多”，都不合題意。

　　10.[答案] [B]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 固定搭配

　　[分析] 此句意為：他們對(duì)該職業(yè)和自身情況都知之甚少，在毫無(wú)計(jì)劃的情況上，就選擇了一生的職業(yè)。表示“在……基礎(chǔ)上”的固定搭配是 on…basis，因而本題應(yīng)選[B] basis。[A] chance“機(jī)遇”，[C] purpose“目的”，[D] opportunity“機(jī)會(huì)”，此三項(xiàng)都不合題意。

　　11.[答案] [B]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 固定搭配

　　[分析] 此句意為：其他人死抱著自己并不喜歡也不勝任的工作不放。[A]apply to“適用于”，如：His answer does not apply to the test question. ”他的回答不合題意。”[B] appeal to“吸引”，如：This proposal doesn’t appeal to me.“這項(xiàng)建議并不能吸引我?！盵C] stick to“堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)守”，如：stick to a post“堅(jiān)守一個(gè)崗位”。[D] turn to“求助于”，如：He turns to his teacher when he has any problem in study.“學(xué)習(xí)有困難時(shí)，他就向老師求助?！贝怂捻?xiàng)中，只有形成對(duì)比，說(shuō)明這兩種狀態(tài)都是不對(duì)的。

　　12.[答案] [B]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 代詞的用法

　　[分析] 該空格處的代詞指代的應(yīng)是 occupation，因而需選[B] its，其他三項(xiàng)都不合題意。該句意為：年輕人普遍會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤，他們選擇某職業(yè)是為了它那真實(shí)存在的或僅僅是想象中的名聲和地位。

　　13.[答案] [D]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 上下文關(guān)系

　　[分析] 此句是對(duì)上句“一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤”的補(bǔ)充?？崭袂罢f(shuō)：太多的中學(xué)生，或他們的父母代替他們選擇職業(yè)。空　　格后的文意是：該職業(yè)所需人員少，且需高學(xué)歷和高素質(zhì)的人才。所以空格處應(yīng)選意為“不管，不顧”　的詞，這樣才能連接好空格前后的意思，所以[D] disregarding 為正確答案，構(gòu)成如下意思：太多的中學(xué)生，或他們的父母代替他們選擇職業(yè)，而對(duì)該職業(yè)所需人員少、且需高學(xué)歷和高素質(zhì)的人才這一現(xiàn)實(shí)置之不理。[A] concerning“有關(guān)的”，[B] following“跟隨”，[C] considering“考慮”，此三項(xiàng)皆不合題意。

　　14.[答案] [B]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 詞義辨析

　　[分析] 此空格處需構(gòu)成的意義為：此項(xiàng)工作對(duì)學(xué)歷和個(gè)人素質(zhì)都有極高的要求。因而 [B] requirements “要求”為正確答案。[A] preferences“偏愛”，[C] tendencies“傾向”，[D] ambitions“雄心壯志”。

　　15.[答案] [C]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 固定用法

　　[分析] 此句是對(duì)上述錯(cuò)誤做法的駁斥，意為：某職業(yè)想象中的或真實(shí)的名聲或一個(gè)“白領(lǐng)“工作根本就不是　將其作為終生職業(yè)的好理由。因而[A] a good reason“一個(gè)好理由”，不合題意;[B] any good reason“任何好理由”，也不對(duì);[C] no good reason“根本不是好理由”，符合題意，為正確答案;[D] the good reason“這個(gè)好理由”，不合題意。

　　16.[答案] [D]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 上下文關(guān)系

　　[分析] 此句意義為：這些工作的待遇不一定總是很好。這是對(duì)年輕人擇業(yè)誤區(qū)的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，在意義上比　　上一句更進(jìn)了一步，因而[D]Moreover 為正確答案。[A] Therefore“所以”，表因果關(guān)系;[B] However“但是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折;[C] Nevertheless“然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折。以上三項(xiàng)皆不合題意。

　　17.[答案] [A]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 上下文關(guān)系

　　[分析] 空格前由 since 引出了一原因從句：由于技術(shù)工作和體力工作占了勞力市場(chǎng)的一大部分。那么，空格處相應(yīng)的填入[A] majority,構(gòu)成“大部分的年輕人應(yīng)考慮選擇這些行業(yè)”之意。所以[A] majority 為正確答案。[B] mass“大量，大宗”，此空格前有定冠詞 the,但在文中無(wú)所指，且無(wú)“大部分人”之意，所以為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng);[C] minority“小部分”，不合題意;[D] multitude“許多人，大群人”,與[B]一樣，也不合題意。

　　18.[答案] [C]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 慣用法搭配

　　[分析] 此句意為：大部分的年輕人都應(yīng)認(rèn)真考慮這些領(lǐng)域的工作。表示“認(rèn)真考慮”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有[C]consideration 正確，即：give serious consideration to。其他選項(xiàng)，[A]proposal“提議”，[B]suggestion“建議”，[D]appraisal“評(píng)估”，都不合題意。

　　19.[答案] [C]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 上下文關(guān)系

　　[分析] 此句意為：在作出決定之前，他應(yīng)該要了解自己想從生活中得到什么，又愿意為之付出多大的勞動(dòng)。[A]towards“向”;[B] against”反對(duì)”;[C] out of “從……中”;[D] without”沒有”。此四項(xiàng)中[C] out of 最合適，構(gòu)成 want out of life“想從生活中得到”，其他都不合題意。

　　20.[答案] [D]

　　[考點(diǎn)] 固定用法

　　[分析] 此句意為：有些人想要穩(wěn)定，而另外一些人則為了金錢愿意冒險(xiǎn)。Take risks 為慣用法，意為“冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，因而應(yīng)選[D] risks。[A] take turns“依次，輪流”，不合題意;[B] parts 和[C] choices 也都不合題意。

　　Part A 答案

　　21. [C] 意為：使人們準(zhǔn)備好迎接國(guó)際勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)的挑戰(zhàn)。

　　第一段提到，“新經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序”是全球性的，政策制定者、教育家、商界、企業(yè)界都想加強(qiáng)這個(gè)新秩序下美　國(guó)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，就業(yè)教育通常關(guān)注的是幫助人們理解教育和就業(yè)之間的關(guān)系，使之獲得就業(yè)技能，但是，人們現(xiàn)　在需要的是把握機(jī)會(huì)，迎接國(guó)際勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)的挑戰(zhàn)。本段最后一句實(shí)際上表達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn)，回答了在新經(jīng)濟(jì)秩　　序下，就業(yè)教育的 focus 應(yīng)該是什么。注意：本文中提到的 new economic order, evolving global economy, global 　　economy, the new economy 實(shí)際上都是指“全球化經(jīng)濟(jì)”。

　　[A] 意為：有助于就業(yè)技能的獲得。根據(jù)第一段第三句，這是傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)教育的內(nèi)容。

　　[D] 意為：使人們理解靈活的、以信息為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)。

　　22.[B] 意為：新的市場(chǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　第二段第三、四句提到，深刻的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)變化正在創(chuàng)建新的市場(chǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(包括高的生產(chǎn)率和質(zhì)量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，產(chǎn)品多樣化，以客戶為中心，方便、及時(shí)的服務(wù))，這些變化正在將生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者聯(lián)成一個(gè)提供產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的全　球性或地區(qū)性網(wǎng)絡(luò)。滿足這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要組織結(jié)構(gòu)、工作技能和就業(yè)方式的巨大變化。可見，所需要的工作技能的轉(zhuǎn)變，是新的市場(chǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所導(dǎo)致的。

　　23.[C] 意為：由社會(huì)分工造成的更專門化的工作。

　　第三段提到了協(xié)作和團(tuán)隊(duì)精神(closely integrated work groups, teamwork)的重要性，因此選擇項(xiàng)[A]表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是正確的。第四段提到，在新的經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，國(guó)家不僅展開經(jīng)濟(jì)體制上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而且展開研究、開發(fā)、教育體制上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因此選擇項(xiàng)[D]表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是正確的。

　　第五段提到，新經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的其他特點(diǎn)也影響著職業(yè)發(fā)展。經(jīng)理將成為經(jīng)紀(jì)人或服務(wù)商，將會(huì)有更多的技術(shù)　專家;工作上的升遷將變得更短、更平(含義是：上下級(jí)之間的升遷將變得容易、頻繁);老式的工作細(xì)分不復(fù)存在(因此選擇項(xiàng)[C]表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不正確)，取而代之的是各種工作職能的融合，工作團(tuán)隊(duì)中的個(gè)體不斷更換角色，時(shí)而做專家，時(shí)而做經(jīng)紀(jì)人，時(shí)而做領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。工作獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)更多地視小組和整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的工作表現(xiàn)而定。因此[B](工作者在不同角色間轉(zhuǎn)換的能力)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是正確的。

　　24.[D] 意為：提高學(xué)生的學(xué)術(shù)能力。

　　最后一段提到了通識(shí)教育(liberal education)和職業(yè)教育的結(jié)合問(wèn)題。作者指出，就業(yè)教育者可以同職業(yè)教育、學(xué)術(shù)教育工作者以及雇主合作，確立所需要的這些技能，以多學(xué)科的教育方式培養(yǎng)這些技能?？梢?，這里所說(shuō)的“通識(shí)教育”是相對(duì)于“就業(yè)教育”而言，是一種 academic education。實(shí)際上，上一句已經(jīng)提到了這個(gè)詞組。

　　[B] 意為：超越傳統(tǒng)界限。[C] 意為：促進(jìn)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思維和批判性思維的能力。

　　25.[A] 意為：新時(shí)代的工作和就業(yè)教育特征。

　　第一段最后一句實(shí)際上提出了本文的主旨。中間各段提到了新時(shí)代的工作和就業(yè)教育的特點(diǎn)，最后一段是對(duì)全文的總結(jié)，指出了通識(shí)教育和就業(yè)教育相結(jié)合迎接新時(shí)代的挑戰(zhàn)的必要性。

　　26.[D] 意為：對(duì)有關(guān)發(fā)展問(wèn)題的討論刊載不夠多。

　　第二段提到，發(fā)展問(wèn)題之所以在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)課程和報(bào)刊文章中沒有受到應(yīng)有的重視，是由幾個(gè)原因造成的。多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和記者居住在工業(yè)化國(guó)家，在那里，發(fā)展問(wèn)題已經(jīng)不再是嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。由此推斷，西方國(guó)家(工業(yè)化國(guó)家)的報(bào)紙不重視發(fā)展問(wèn)題，當(dāng)然具體表現(xiàn)自然是在報(bào)紙對(duì)這樣的問(wèn)題討論不夠。[C] 意為：不重視經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中個(gè)體的創(chuàng)造力。

　　27.[B] 意為：它更適宜于解釋有規(guī)律的現(xiàn)象。

　　第二段提到發(fā)展問(wèn)題不受重視的另一個(gè)原因。作者認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的分析工具在處理發(fā)展問(wèn)題上存在問(wèn)題，因?yàn)閭€(gè)體的創(chuàng)造力是發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要因素。某個(gè)個(gè)體必須看準(zhǔn)機(jī)會(huì)，并決定如何利用這些機(jī)會(huì)。就其本質(zhì)而言，創(chuàng)　　造力幾乎無(wú)法在理論中體現(xiàn)，理論試圖解釋的是規(guī)律性，但是，創(chuàng)造力的本質(zhì)在于其創(chuàng)新作用，即創(chuàng)生出一種不合規(guī)律的現(xiàn)象。這里說(shuō)的 theories 當(dāng)指經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論，這里談的當(dāng)然是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論的內(nèi)在缺陷。 [A] 它從來(lái)不考慮個(gè)體活動(dòng)。

　　28.[A] 意為：政府對(duì)個(gè)體創(chuàng)造力(的發(fā)揮)制定了正確的激勵(lì)政策。

　　第三段提到，就促生和支持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的條件而言，20 世紀(jì)提供了某些有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)本段第三句，這里　所說(shuō)的 conditions 實(shí)際上指政府制定的激勵(lì)制度。第四段更是對(duì)這種激勵(lì)制度的影響進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。 [B] 意為：各種因素共同作用促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了一種因素‐‐‐激勵(lì)制度的關(guān)鍵作用。[C] 意為：允許對(duì)激勵(lì)制度開展不同實(shí)驗(yàn)。

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